| Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly deployed in both civil and defense domains, yet their integration is hindered by the lack of interoperability across heterogeneous control protocols such as STANAG 4586, JAUS, and MAVLink. While STANAG 4586 provides NATO-compliant interoperability, it is often complex and resource-intensive for smaller UAVs, whereas MAVLink is lightweight and widely adopted but lacks robust security features. JAUS, in turn, offers modularity but introduces challenges in semantic consistency. This paper proposes an ontology-based semantic interoperability framework to bridge these protocols, enabling unified command, control, and telemetry integration. The ontology leverages formal representation of UAV platforms, sensors, commands, and telemetry messages, ensuring semantic alignment across heterogeneous systems. Protocol mapping is supported through ontology object properties that capture message equivalences and context dependencies. The proposed framework also incorporates semantic concepts derived from EUROSUR and CISE to extend interoperability towards maritime security and border surveillance applications. Case studies demonstrate mapping of representative commands and telemetry (e.g., TakeOffCommand, Waypoint navigation) across protocols. This ontology-based approach improves semantic consistency, reduces integration complexity, and supports multi-domain UAV operations.
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| Y. Voutos, Ph. Mylonas, "Semantic Interoperability of UAV Control Systems using an Ontology and Multi-Protocol Mapping", 20th International Workshop on Semantic and Social Media Adaptation & Personalization (SMAP 2025), 27-28 November 2025, Mystras, Greece |
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